Deforestation can be defined as the largescale removal of trees from forests or other lands for the facilitation of human activities. Indeed some 31 countries do not even make the list because they have already removed most of their forests and even if that remain are seriously fragmented and degraded. According to the unredd framework 12, half of deforestation in tropical areas is caused by livelihood. Deforestation, distribution and development nc state university. Dec 01, 2002 this comprehensive and coherent account presents the state of the art econometric analysis of tropical deforestation, quantifying and examining the local and underlying global causes.
Most often, multiple processes work simultaneously or sequentially to cause deforestation. Deforestation of the amazon rainforest the story so far. Deforestation is primarily a concern for the developing countries of the tropics myers. Removing trees causes soil erosion and this, in turn, leads to dry and less fertile soils making it harder to grow crops. A crossnational analysis confirms the most frequently cited causes of deforestation. We read the cause and effect of deforestation in the amazon rainforest. Atmospheric for global warming deforestation is the major contributor.
While human ecologists have often pondered the effects of the environment on social organization, only recently have sociologists considered the impact of. Basic concepts of deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation 2. Study on the evolution of some deforestation drivers and. Introduction pursuant to sbsta decision fcccsbsta2006l. This study examines the social forces that drive deforestation. An overview of theoretical and empirical studies on deforestation. Ongoing changes in the worlds climate are further increasing the environmental challenges we face. Deforestation and climate change congressional research service 2 with developing countries to conserve their tropical forests. Boahene african society for environmental management, po box 2205, 3500 ge utrecht, the netherlands. Pakistan is not selfsufficient in wood based products and spends billions of rupees on import of wood and wood based products. Globally, we have not always made wise decisions about ways to protect the environment.
On the one hand the rising price of oil has reduced the potential. What has driven deforestation in developing countries since. There is a clear linkages between deforestation and worlds demands of fiber, food, and fuel understanding the underlying or indirect causes of deforestation is crucial to address redd and climate change most deforestation is driven from outside forestry sector e. Since 1978 over 750,000 square kilometers 289,000 square miles of amazon rainforest have been destroyed across brazil, peru, colombia, bolivia, venezuela, suriname, guyana, and french guiana. The role of social work shanta pandey washington university to alleviate rural poverty most developing countries have been launching a wide variety of rural development activities.
Nov 24, 2010 in many developing countries, forest restoration at home has led to deforestation abroad, according to a new study in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences pnas the authors say. The concern over deforestation in developing countries reflects, in part, the. Nov 24, 2010 developing countries engaging in forest restoration projects are looking elsewhere for timber, prompting an increase in deforestation rates in other nations that is according to the findings of new research carried out by a multinational team of scientists, who fear that, while many developing nations may have launched highprofile and muchpraised restoration schemes over recent years. On the one hand the rising price of oil has reduced the. The single biggest direct cause of tropical deforestation is conversion to cropland and pasture, mostly for subsistence, which is growing crops or raising livestock to meet daily needs. Reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries i. Deforestation and economie development canadian journal of. Focusing on the effect of international trade, we show that countries with different levels of relative forest cover react differently to a shock in agricultural exports value. Developing nations exporting deforestation nature the. United nations development programme, the center for international forestry research, and the international.
Pakistans forest resources are shrinking at a rate of one percent which will have dreadful effects on the people of pakistan. Despite the fact that distributional issues have been observed to have an important impact on economic growth and growth itself to have important consequences. The causes of deforestation in developing countries. Explaining agricultural land expansion and deforestation in. The first form of agriculture that will be examined is slashandburn agriculture. Deforestation from 196878 in 39 countries in africa, latin. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation.
Developing countries feel that some countries in the developed world, such as the united states of america, cut down their forests centuries ago and benefited economically from this deforestation, and that it is hypocritical to deny developing countries the same opportunities, i. Basically, the land isnt suitable for farming on a sustainable basis. Deforestation and rural poverty in developing countries. Global society has experienced the damaging impacts of forest cover loss. Learn reasons for deforestation and discover the consequences of.
Problems of deforestation agriculture project topics. Deforestation is the process of cutting down trees and clearing land. Pdf developing nations are faced with a twoedged sword in the field of energy. It is a serious environmental concern since it can result in the loss of biodiversity, damage to natural habitats, disturbances in the water cycle, and soil erosion. Many energy policies and programs have been attempted to provide improved energy facilities to households living in rural areas of developing. Agricultural trade, hitherto relatively neglected, is found to be one of the main factors causing deforestation. Developing countries often outsource deforestation, study finds. Penny encyclopedia of life support systems eolss twentieth century, all sahelian countries have been facing a dramatic increase in population, consecutive years of little or no rain, a severe decline in the availability of. Problems of deforestation abstract this research was carried out in order to assess the causes and effects of deforestation in ovia north east local government area of edo state.
Three recent estimates of the rate of deforestation in developing countries between 1968 and 1978 are compared using rank order correlation. Reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries. Rapid population growth, expansion of cropland, and intensive harvesting of forests for fuelwood and wood exports contribute to deforestation in different areas of the world although the time lags be. Deforestation causes of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. At the same time deforestation may be causing increased prices or shortages of fuels. Removing or killing all trees either by natural or human disturbances is not considered deforestation if the area grows back to trees. Reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries redd by maria j. According to fao, deforestation is the conversion of. The concept of compensated reduction of tropical deforestation the idea that tropical countries might reduce national deforestation under an historical baseline and be allowed internationally tradable. Pdf the causes of deforestation in developing countries.
In this paper i discuss the relationship between deforestation and rural poverty, policies governing. Three recent estimates for developing countries between 1968 and 1978 are compared using rank order correlation. The important role that forestrich developing countries can play in combatting climate change by reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation has become central to international dialogues. Explaining agricultural land expansion and deforestation in developing countries article in american journal of agricultural economics 865. Causes, effects and control strategies 5 deforestation are maintained. In 2006, josh fink committed to addressing the growing problem of deforestation in the developing world, by supporting and working with an organization whose aim is to address deforestation in the developing world. Environmental challenges in developing countries the health of the environment plays a prominent role in everyday life. The unfccc negotiations unfccc 2009, 2010 have encouraged developing countries to identify land use, land use change and forestry activities, in particular those that are linked to the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, and to assess their potential contribution to the mitigation of climate change. Deforestation and degradation represent over one third of total emissions in developing countries, where many large tropical forests are found.
Addressing deforestation in the developing world clinton. Developing nations are faced with a twoedged sword in the field of energy. Deforestation and forest degradation are rapid in the mountain areas of developing countries, which often are characterized by rapid population growth and resulting into land scarcity and poverty. Deforestation from 196878 in 39 countries in africa, latin america, and asia is significantly related to the rate of population growth over the period and to wood fuels production and wood exports in 1968. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation. Introduction understanding drivers of deforestation and degradation is fundamental for the development of policies and measures content from this work may be used under the terms. The changes in area of forest by region and subregion are shown in table 1. Neomalthusian, modernization, and dependency theories are applied in a crossnational comparison of 51 developing countries. Social determinants of deforestation in developing countries. Articles the causes of deforestation in developing countries julia c.
As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, a layer forms in the atmosphere that traps sun radiation. In many countries, people clear land to use it for other purposes, such as agriculture, pasture land, and urban development. To deforest is to clean area, other than purely temporarily of forest. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. Deforestation institutional causes and solutions springerlink. Deforestation food and agriculture organization of the united. Furthermore, deforestation is mostly in tropical developing countries. There are several effects of deforestation on earths climate and nature. The causes of deforestation in developing countries wiley online. Feb 26, 2020 deforestation data is annual on this page. Published 1 december 2012 2012 iop publishing ltd environmental research letters, volume 7, number 4. The contributors are distinguished authors from developed and developing countries, and are based in research institutions and international agencies. Annals of the association of american geographers 752. Rarely is there a single direct cause for deforestation.
Although tropical forests are largely confined to developing countries, they arent just meeting local or national needs. Deforestation in other developing countries, deforestation in 200112 superior to 6,000 km 2 we can see that if, from 2005 onward, deforestation was reduced in brazil 12 thanks to stringent national policies, it may have simply leaked across into neighboring countries such as bolivia, paraguay, and peru. On the basis of the elasticity of deforestation with respect to different first and secondlevel causes, some possible policy interventions in selected countries are also discussed. What has driven deforestation in developing countries. Slashand burn agriculture can be a sound agricultural practice in many instances, and has long been practiced by. Study on the evolution of some deforestation drivers and their potential impacts on the costs of an avoiding deforestation scheme in the context of the framework contract no. Direct causes people have been deforesting the earth for thousands of years, primarily to clear land for crops or livestock. The cause and effect of deforestation in the amazon. Barnest departments of geography and environmental studies, university of california, santa barbara, ca 93106 tworld bank, washington, d. Deforestation is the clearing of trees without the intent of replacing them or reestablishing a stand of trees. Addressing the underlying causes of deforestation and forest. Sources of deforestation in tropical developing countries.
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